RPG-7, PG-7V (7 shots, 6 hits, 200m)
1, miss
2, hull front hit, on the joining of upper and lower plates, on KMT mount. Jet penetrated the armor, but the exit hole was only about 3-5mm, and damaged a fuel line.
It could have started a fire, (driver - light wounds) but the PPO system would easily deal with it. Overall, damage was minor.
3, Rear external fuel cell hit, cell destroyed, jet penetrated side hull and damaged the water radiator. Tank able to go for 4-5 kilometers before overheating. Crew unharmed. Damage is light.
4, side turret hit. Penetration, ABV unit ventilator destroyed, jet stopped by gun breech. Loader dead, tank needs small to medium repairs (dont know if its the correct term in english. On the other hand, I know the russian term: Средний ремонт)
5, hit on rim of 4th road wheel. Tire separated, other wheels received damage. No side hull penetration. Crew wouldnt even notice the hit. Damage very light
6, rearh hull hit, on right upper corner. Water radiator damaged. Tank able to go for 4-5 kilometers before overheating. Crew unharmed. Damage is light.
7, rear hull hit, center. Cooling fan damaged, water radiator damaged, jet stopped by exhaust collector of the engine, but other than this, engine is undamaged and fully operational.Tank able to go for 4-5 kilometers before overheating. Crew unharmed. Damage is light.
SPG-9, PG-9V (7 shots, 5 hits, 430m) (2A28 Grom not tested, because ammunition is practically the same)
1, hit on right mudguard, jet passed above track, and destroyed rear mudguard. Tank fully operational, crew unharmed.
2, hit on turret side, on handrail. Rail torn off, no further damage. Tank needs no repairs, fully operational, crew unharmed.
3, hit on left rim of turret. Jet penetrated the turret, but went through the turret wall, did not enter fighting compartment. After exiting, it damaged the exhaust, and external oil tank on fender. Tank fully operational, crew unharmed, damage light. Possibility of fire due to oil tank hit, but this wouldnt affect the tank.
4, miss
5, turret side hit, near commander's hatch. Penetration, jet destroyed the radio, and hit the rear turret rack. OU-3 searchlight also damaged. Crew dead due to ammo explosion, tank burned and destroyed, no repair possible.
6, miss
7, target side hull, but track was hit instead. Jet still penetrated side hull, but caused no damage. Gunner and Commander received heavy wounds, loader and driver minor wounds at worst. Tank needs only light repair work.
MT-12 anti tank gun, UBK2 (??? probably they mean 3UBK2, with 3BK3 shell)
(7 shots, 7 hits, 800m)
1, Front turret hit, 30cm from coax MG. Penetration, MG mount damaged, rear turret rack hit. Ammo detonation, tank burned and destroyed, no repair possible. L2 searchlight also destroyed. In case of empty rear ammo rack, loader dead, commander & gunner seriously wounded.
2, Front hull hit, almost center, 10cm to right side. Penetration, front hull rack hit, ammo detonation, tank burned and destroyed, no repair possible.
3, Side upper hull hit, frontal part. Penetration, front hull rack hit, ammo detonation, tank burned and destroyed, no repair possible.
4, Side upper hull hit, frontal part, 50cm to trh rear. Results as 3rd hit.
5, Side turret hit. Results exaclty like RPG-7 4th hit.
6, Hit on rear turret, right side. Rear turret rack hit, ammo detonation, tank burned and destroyed, no repair possible. If rack empty, turret crew dead, driver alive. ABV unit ventilator and coax MG mount damaged. Tank needs medium repairs.
7, Rear hull hit, center. Cooling fan and water radiator damaged, jet stopped by right cylinder head of engine. Crew unharmed, but mobility kill, engine seriously damaged.
9M111 Fagot (2 shots, 2 hits, 1830m)
1, Front hull hit, on headlights. Penetration, front hull rack hit, ammo detonation, tank burned and destroyed, no repair possible.
2, Hit on commander's cupola, right side. Penetration, jet left on hatch. Searchlight destroyed, TPN-1 sight head mirror damaged, crew compartment covered by molten metal. Commander and gunner dead, loader and driver seriously wounded. Damage is light tank easily repaired.
9M14P1 Maljutka (2 shots, 2 hits, 2000m)
1, Front hull hit, on right tow hook. Penetration, jet hit the driver, and stopped by engine components. Only the loader survives, with serious wounds. Damage is light tank easily repaired.
2, Front turret hit, 30cm left to the coax MG. Penetration, MG damaged, rear rack hit, jet even penetrated rear turret. Explosion also destroyed L2 searchlight, extermal fuel cells and loaders periscope. Crew dead due to ammo explosion, tank burned and destroyed, no repair possible.
If rear rack empty, loader dead, commander, gunner seriously wounded, driver lightly wounded. Tank needs medium repairs.
9M113 Konkurs (3 shots, 2 hits, 2400m)
1, missile malfunction, hit the ground far from target
2, Front hull hit, 5cm below driver's periscope. Penetration, jet hit the driver, gunner, commander, stopped by left cylinder head of engine. Only loader survives, with serious wounds. Tank lightly damaged.
3, Front hull hit, center, 5cm below the roof plate. Penetration, jet hit the front fuel cell, destroyed the electrical equipment of the stabilizator, stopped by gun breech. tank burned and destroyed, no repair possible.
2S1 Gvozdika, 3VBK9 with 3BK13 shell (6 shots, 6 hits, 600m)
1, hit on left mudguard, track lightly damaged, but tank still mobile. Damage minor, tank fully operational, crew well and alive.
2, hit on turret front 15cm above main gun sight. Penetration, jet hit both gunner and commander, stopped by gun breech. Radio damaged, rear turret rack hit. Explosion was so powerful that it dislodged the turret, balls from turret ring fell out. ammo detonation, tank burned and destroyed, no repair possible.
If rear rack empty, turret crew dead, driver survives with wounds. Damage is severe, tank needs industrial rebuild.
3, side turret hit, center. Penetration, jet hit the loader, stopped by breech, which was seriously damaged. Gun jammed. Rest of crew seriously wounded. Tank needs medium repairs.
4, side hull hit, above 2nd road wheel. Fender totally destroyed, 2nd road wheel seriously damaged. Jet penetrated the hull, stopped by pre-heater. Mobility kill. Crew suffers negligible injuries, and if road wheel arm remains intact, tank needs light repairs only.
5, rear turret hit, center. Penetration, rear rack hit. Jet stopped by gun breech, which was dislodged. Hull roof warped. Ammo detonation, tank burned and destroyed, no repair possible. If rear rack empty, only driver survives, tank repairable, but needs new turret.
6, rear hull hit, center. Water radiator destroyed, jet stopped by gun breech. Only driver survives, tank needs medium repairs.
2S3 Akatsiya, 3VBP2 with BP540 shell (6 shots, 6 hits, 600m)
1, Turret front hit, near coax MG. Penetration, coax MG mount torn off, rear rack hit. Explosion was so powerful that it lifted the turret, turret ring mounting bolts sheared off, balls fell out. Fragments carved 8-10mm deep grooves in barrel. Damage is massive, both in and outside. If rear rack empty, only driver survives, but tank needs industrial level rebuild.
2, Hull front hit, 30cm below gun barrel. Penetration, front hull rack hit, ammo detonation, tank burned and destroyed, no repair possible.
3, Turret side hit, frontal part of side. Penetration, jet hit loader, stopped by gun breech. Massive damage, gun torn off its mounting. No ammo detonation, but still, everyone dead. Tank needs at least medium repairs.
4, Hit on 4th road wheel, fender totally destroyed, track broke, huge damage on wheels. No penetration, but hit left a 2cm deep, 10cm wide mark on side hull. Mobility kill, crew alive, suffers only minor wounds. Tank needs light repairs.
5, Rear hull hit, 20cm below top. Water radiator torn off, roof plate opened. Engine also torn off its mountings, dislodged towards crew compartment, about 5-10cm. Crew suffers only minor wounds, but the damage in engine compartment is so severe that even industrial rebuild is questionable, due to warped hull and engine mounts.
6, Target was rear turret, but the previous shot opened the roof plate, and the shell detonated on it. Even more damage on engine compartment. Rear turret not penetrated but 2-3cm deep grooves in a 15cm diameter circle.
T-72, 3BK14 (3 shots, 3 hits, 800m) (again, no APFSDS... sad)
1, hull front hit, above headlights. Penetration, jet hit hull fuel cell/rack, then the loader, and dissipated in turret ring. ammo detonation, tank burned and destroyed, no repair possible.
2, Hit exactly between gun sight and the gun. Penetration, jet torn off the sight, and thrown out along with the commander's hatch which was locked. Jet penetrated rear turret too. ammo detonation, tank burned and destroyed, no repair possible.
If rear rack empty, driver maybe survives, tank needs medium repairs.
3, lower hull front hit, on KMT mount. Jet penetrated the hull, through the batteries, and stopped by the engine. Loader may survive. Tank needs medium repairs, unless hit causes fire.
T-55AM, BR-412M (actually, BR-412B. It was also known as 3UBR3, no idea where this "BR-412M" comes from...)
7 shots, 7 hits, 800m
1, Front hull hit, center, no penetration. Shell left a 45mm deep gouge. Crew unharmed, tank fully operational, needs only minor repairs (headlights)
2, Front lower hull hit, at the lower edge. Shell torn out a chunk of metal, 50mm deep, and flew below the tank. Damage is only cosmetic, requires no repair. Tank fully operationa, crew unharmed.
3-4, Turret side hit, right side, center. Both shots landed about the same place. Penetration, shell explodes inside, causing massive devastation in both equipment and crew. Ammo detonation, tank burned and destroyed, no repair possible.
Even without ammo detonation, only driver has a slight chance of survival. Damage inside is huge, tank requires industrial level rebuild.
5, Side hull hit, right side, in front of 3rd road wheel. Penetration, shell explodes inside, causing massive devastation in both equipment and crew. Ammo detonation, tank burned and destroyed, no repair possible.
Even without ammo detonation, everybody dead. Damage inside is huge, tank requires industrial level rebuild.
6-7, Rear turret hit, one on lower, one on upper part. Penetration, shell explodes inside, causing massive devastation in both equipment and crew. Ammo detonation, tank burned and destroyed, no repair possible.
Even without ammo detonation, everybody dead. Damage inside is huge, tank requires industrial level rebuild, and needs a new turret.
T-55AM, BR-412B
9 shots, 9 hits, 1200m
1, Front hull hit, center, no penetration. Shell left a 30mm deep, 22cm long gouge. Crew unharmed, tank fully operational, needs only minor repairs (headlights)
2, Target front turret, but gun barrel hit instead. The shell torn out an 50x200m long chunk of metal from the barrel, bending it, then hit the gun mantlet and exploding on it. The force of the impact was such that the turret ring mounting bolts sheared off, balls from the ring fell out.
Damage requires medium repairs, but actually no penetration, so the crew is unharmed.
3, Hit on upper edge of front hull, near driver's periscopes. Shell left a 35mm deep gouge, no penetration. Driver's hatch opened, so large amounts of fragments entered the compartment. Driver received serious wounds. Rest of crew unharmed. Tank requires light repairs.
4, Side hull hit, right side, between 3rd and 4th road wheels. Penetration, shell explodes inside, causing massive devastation in both equipment and crew. Ammo detonation, tank burned and destroyed, no repair possible.
Even without ammo detonation, everybody dead. Damage inside is huge, tank requires industrial level rebuild.
5, Right side hull hit, on the rim of 4th road wheel. Wheel damaged, then penetration, shell explodes inside, causing massive devastation in both equipment and crew. Ammo detonation, tank burned and destroyed, no repair possible.
Even without ammo detonation, everybody dead. Damage inside is huge, tank requires industrial level rebuild.
6, Left side hull "hit" (actually, I would consider this a miss), between 3rd and 4th wheels, on tracks on ground. Slight damage to wheels, track broke. Mobility kill, but otherwise tank and crew unharmed. Damage is so slight that even the crew can repair it quickly.
7-8, Rear turret hits. 8th was actually aimed at rear hull. Penetration, shell explodes inside, causing massive devastation in both equipment and crew. Ammo detonation, tank burned and destroyed, no repair possible.
Even without ammo detonation, everybody dead. Damage inside is huge, tank requires industrial level rebuild, and needs a new turret.
9, Rear hull hit, center. Penetration, shell explodes inside engine compartment. Gearbox, water and oil radiators completely destroyed. Massive damage in other equipment. Engine rear cylinder bank also destroyed, and whole engine torn off its mountings, tilted towards firewall.
No damage in crew compartment, crew may receive negliglible injuries. Mobility kill. Devastation in engine compartment is so massive that even industrial rebuild is questionable due to warped hull and torn out engine mountings.
T-55AM, BR-412B
8 shots, 8 hits, 1600m
1, Front hull hit, right side. Shell left a 40mm deep, 25cm long gouge. Mudguard broke off. Crew unharmed, tank fully operational, needs only minor repairs (mudguard)
2, Hit on joining of turret and commander cupola. Cupola rim broke off, but no serious damage. Crew unharmed, maybe except commander with insignificant injuries. Tank operational, and needs only minor repairs.
3, Front turret hit, left side, in the level of gun barrel. Shell left a 45-50mm wide, 18cm long, 35mm deep gouge. No damage. Tank requires no repairs, crew unharmed.
4, Side hull hit, right side, above 4th road wheel. Shell penetrated at the firewall between crew and engine compartment. Shell fragments hit a rear ammo rack, damaged the transfer case, and stopped in the engine.
Ammo detonation, tank burned and destroyed, no repair possible. Even without ammo detonation, everybody dead. Damage inside is huge, tank requires industrial level rebuild.
5, Hit at almost the same place as 4. Results same.
6, Hit on right 4th road wheel. Shell penetrated the wheel, flew below the tank, penetrated the wheel on other side, and exploded 20 meters away from the tank. Crew unharmed, tank fully operational, needs only minor repairs (wheels).
7, Turret side hit, on joining of loader's cupola and turret. Penetration, shell explodes inside, causing massive devastation in both equipment and crew. Ammo detonation, tank burned and destroyed, no repair possible.
Even without ammo detonation, only driver has a slight chance of survival. Damage inside is huge, tank requires industrial level rebuild.
8, Turret side hit, 15cm above lower rim. No penetration. Shell left a 70mm deep crater of 200mm diameter. Crew unharmed, tank operational. Minor damage to outside equipment, nothing serious.
GYATA-64 anti-personnel mine. (4 explosions)
This type of mine is infamous for containing huge (in fact, record) amount of explosives for an anti personnel mine. (300g) It was actually designed to damage wheeled vehicles too.
1, mine placed below the roller of KMT-5. Caused absolutely no damage.
2, mine placed in front of the blade of mine plow. Explosion lifted the plow, but caused absolutely no damage.
3, mine placed below track, between two roadwheels. Explosion blew off a small part of the track, and bent the track pin. This damage does not affect the tank's mobility, and can be repaired by the crew.
4, mine placed below the 4th road wheel. Explosion lifted the wheel, and caused totally insignificant damage on tire. Requires no repairs, mobility unaffected.
UKA-63 anti tank mine.
UKA means universal cumulative mine. Can be fitted with conventional or tilt rod fuse. Explosive mass is 6kg.
1, mine placed below the roller of KMT-5. Explosion threw up the arm of the trawl up to hard stops. Some components broke off. Of the 3 segments on the roller, the middle suffered damage. Tank also suffered a bit, left mudguard and the ZIP case broke off.
Tank operational, but the trawl requires light repairs.
2, mine placed in front of the blade of mine plow. Explosion broke off the plow, totally deforming it. No damage in tank, but mine plow needs replacing.
3, mine placed below the 3rd road wheel. Explosion dislodged 3rd and 4th wheel, tire destroyed, track broke. Fender above is seriously damaged. Belly plate slightly warped, so tank requires industrial level rebuild. Crew suffers light injuries.
4, mine exploded below the driver's seat. Seat along with driver completely destroyed, torsion bar bent upwards to compartment. Fragments also destroyed the batteries, and holed the fuel tank. Only loader survives. Chance of tank burning is high.
Repair impossible due to seriously warped belly plate.
5, mine exploded below the engine compartment. Jet made a 6x8cm hole, cut the engine crankshaft in half, and stopped by a cylinder head. Engine was also torn off its mountings. Belly plate bent upwards by 5cm. This kind of damage is unrepairable, tank total loss.
Crew suffers light to moderate injuries.
6, explosion under drive sprocket, imitating a tilt rod fuse. Track broke, sprocket and its shaft damaged. Crew unharmed, tank requires only light repairs.
crazy experiment No1: mine placed on top turret, next to night sight. Explosion warped top plate, jet damaged gun breech. Crew seriously wounded. Tank needs new turret.
crazy experiment No2: mine set up like a MON-200 directional mine, 20 meters away from the side of the tank. Jet almost completely dissipated, causing no damage. On some periscopes glass cracked.
TM-62P3 shaped charge anti tank mine.
Explosive mass 7.5kg. We acquired more than 70 thousand pieces from Bulgaria.
1, mine placed in front of the blade of mine plow. Explosion broke off part of the plow. No damage in tank, but mine plow needs replacing.
2, mine placed below 2nd road wheel. Explosion torn off the wheel along with the suspension arm. Track broke in many places. Suspension needs at least medium repairs, but if hull also warped, repair impossible.
Crew suffers injuries due to huge acceleration.
3, mine placed between 3rd and 4th wheels, below track. Track broke in many places, serious damage on wheels. Suspension needs at least medium repairs, but if hull also warped, repair impossible.
Crew suffers injuries due to huge acceleration.
4, mine placed below left drive sprocket. Track broke, some damage on sprocket. Damage is light, easily repairable. If explosion also damages the final drive casing, tank total loss, repair impossible.
5-6, one mine below front of tank, one in back. Front explosion split open the belly plate, torsion bars deformed. Front fuel cell/ammo rack hit, causing ammo detonation. Rear mine damaged the engine and water radiator, and also warped the hull.
Damage is unrepairable in both cases.
MON-200 directional mine.
It was placed 30 meters away from the tank, at 150cm height. Warhead contains 12kg of explosives and 900 pieces of fragments. Stuff on left side suffers considerable damage, the worst is 3rd road wheel, where tire was separated, and bearing cap destroyed.
Periscopes also suffered damage. Still, overall damage is light. Crew unharmed if buttoned, but if not, exposed members surely die.
LPO-50 flamethrower.
Tank was attacked by a team of 2 soldiers, each with flamers. They blasted the tank from the front, side and rear. Only the cover of the gun mantlet, and the rubber seal between turret and hull caught fire.
Basically, the flamer was useless. The little fire on the turret seal was easily extinguished by the PPO system or by the crew. However, the crew would be forced to leave the tank to avoid breathing in the extinguisher agent.
"Napalm field".
2 shallow trenches were dug in front of the tank, 100 meter long. Trenches were filled with plastic bags, containing napalm. Tank was controlled remotely without driver, in 1st gear. Tank was supplied with only 5 liters of fuel, for safety reasons, so it could drive for 100-150 meters.
Crew was simulated by temperature sensors. When the tank rolled over the trenches, napalm was ignited. Absolutely nothing caught fire, tank survived the test without any damage. Temperature sensors detected no temp increase.
"Napalm bomb".
A hole was dug below the tank, and filled with 300 liters of incendiary. This time, there was a glitch in the test. Somebody forgot to close the escape hatch in the belly, so the tank totally burned out.
Conclusions:
Training:
- RPG and SPG gunner training needs more emphasis on countering crosswind
- Enemy tanks need to be studied more, to identify weak points.
- Hits on fenders and stuff stored on them cause no damage that affect the capabilities of the tank
Effects of AT weapons:
- All AT weapon was able to destroy the T-54, even from the front.
- Hull front, where the fuel cell/ammo rack is mounted, is very vulnerable. Penetration here is likely to cause ammo detonation.
- Side hull of any type of tank is very vulnerable, surface to be attacked is much bigger, and also armor is weaker.
- Most vulnerable part is rear of the tank. Rear turrt hits were always fatal, but hull hits arent, engine and other components absorbed most hits.
- HEAT shells of MT-12, and especially of the 2S1 and 2S3 have a huge secondary effect of fragmentation. This is devastating for any external components. Also seriously damaging for running gear.
Additionally, the results obtained on firing at T-54 tanks cannot be applied to NATO tanks in service (I think they mean Abrams and Leopard-2), but M-48A2 and M-60A3 may be similar, although ther was no data on
the chemical composition and quality of their armor material. Compared to previous live firings on T-34 tanks, the behavior of shaped charge jet was different. On T-34, the penetration channel was conical, exit hole was larger.
On T-54, the entry and exit holes were similar, thanks to its harder armor.
Effects of mines:
-GYATA-64 anti personnel mine is able to damage wheeled vehicles, and may able to damage tracks too. (WTF???)
-UKA-63 and TM-62P2 mines met the expectations, very effective
Incendiaries:
- LPO-50 flamer is good vs infantry, and useless vs tanks, unless hatches are opened.
- "napalm field" and "napalm bomb" are ineffective, but for crews is important to close all hatches.
To be tested in future:
- more tests for behind armor effects on crews, primarily shaped charges.
- results of live firins should be shared (for tank crews?)
- need a firing range where APFSDS can be tested.
- existing tanks need uparmor kits
- SPG-9 as "light artillery"